Physics Formula Sheet

Standardized equations for AP Physics and undergraduate engineering courses. Categorized by sub-field for ease of access during problem-solving sessions.

1. Mechanics & Kinematics

Linear Motion

$$ v = v_0 + at $$

$$ x = x_0 + v_0t + \frac{1}{2}at^2 $$

$$ v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a\Delta x $$

Dynamics & Forces

$$ \Sigma F = ma $$

$$ F_f \leq \mu N $$

$$ F_g = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2} $$

Work, Energy, Power

$$ K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 $$

$$ U_g = mgh $$

$$ W = \int F \cdot dr $$

$$ P = \frac{dW}{dt} = F \cdot v $$

2. Electromagnetism

Electrostatics

$$ F_E = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2} $$

$$ E = \frac{F_E}{q} $$

$$ V = \frac{kq}{r} $$

Circuits

$$ V = IR \quad (Ohm's Law) $$

$$ P = IV = I^2R $$

$$ C = \frac{Q}{V} $$

3. Thermodynamics

$$ Q = mc\Delta T $$

$$ \Delta U = Q - W $$

$$ PV = nRT $$

$$ e = \frac{W}{Q_H} = 1 - \frac{Q_C}{Q_H} $$

4. Optics & Waves

$$ v = f\lambda $$

$$ T = \frac{1}{f} $$

$$ n_1\sin\theta_1 = n_2\sin\theta_2 $$

$$ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} $$